The Chang Lab is located in Institute of Systems Neuroscience at National Tsing Hua University. We study the neural basis of learned behaviors in rats using multiple approaches, including lesion, pharmacology, optogenetics, pharmacogenetics, and functional tracing. We also use in vivo electrophysiology to look into interactions among brain structures at the circuitry level. The long-term goal is to understand 1) the neural basis of learning, memory, and expression, 2) the interactive brain information processing, 3) the adaptive behavioral strategies, and 4) how stress impacts the modulation process.